637 Antioch: Byzantine forces surrender to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge

1270 The Eighth Crusade and siege of Tunis ended by agreement between Charles I of Sicily (brother to King Louis IX of France, who had died months earlier) and the sultan of Tunis

1340 Battle of Rio Salado (or Tarifa): King Afonso IV of Portugal and King Alfonso XI of Castile defeat Sultan Abu al-Hasan 'Ali of Morocco and Yusuf I of Granada in the last Marinid invasion of the Iberian Peninsula

1470 Wars of the Roses: Henry VI of England returns to the English throne after Earl of Warwick defeats Yorkists in battle

1503 Queen Isabella of Spain bans violence against Indians in the Americas

1768 First Methodist church in North American colonies initiated (Wesley Chapel, NYC)

1772 Explorer Captain James Cook arrives with ship HMS Resolution in Cape Town, South Africa

1864 Helena, Montana's capital, founded after miners discover gold at the Last Chance Gulch

1866 Jesse James' gang robs bank in Lexington, Missouri ($2000)

1868 John Menard of Louisiana is 1st African American elected to US Congress

1873 P. T. Barnum's circus, "Greatest Show on Earth", debuts (New York City)

1888 American inventor John J Loud patents the first ballpoint pen

1893 The US Senate approves repealing Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890.  After the repeal, the price of silver dropped by about 1/3

1894 Rochester resident Daniel Cooper patents the time clock

1905 Russian Tsar Nicholas II grants civil liberties and accepts the first Duma (Parliament) in the "October Manifesto"

1917 British government gives final approval to the Balfour Declaration, which proclaimed support for a Jewish state in Palestine

1939 USSR & Germany agree on partitioning Poland, Adolf Hitler deports Jews

1944 Anne Frank is deported from Auschwitz to Belsen

1944 Sweden announces intention to stay neutral and refuse sanctuary in WW II

1945 US government announces the end of shoe rationing

1948 20 people die and 6,000 are made ill by combined smoke, smog and pollution trapped over Donora, Pennsylvania.  Rain several days later clears the skies

1952 American inventor Clarence Birdseye sells the first box of frozen peas

1953 Dr Albert Schweitzer and US Army General George Marshall win Nobel Peace Prize

1954 The US Defense Department announces the elimination of all racially segregated regiments

1961 The Soviet Party Congress unanimously approves a resolution removing Stalin's body from Lenin's tomb in Red Square as part of de-Stalinization efforts

1961 The Soviet Union tests a 58 megaton hydrogen bomb named Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated

1968 The Nobel prize for chemistry is awarded to American Lars Onsager (thermodynamics)

1968 The Nobel prize for physics is awarded to American Luis Alvarez (bubble chamber)

1972 The worst US rail accident between two commuter trains in14 years; 45 are killed and over 300 injured in Chicago, Ill

1973 The Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul, Turkey, is completed, connecting the continents of Europe and Asia over the Bosporus for the first time

1976 Jane Pauley becomes news co-anchor of Today Show

1977 Pan Am’s Boeing 747SP, Flight 50, takes off and lands in San Franciso after a flight around both the Earths poles in a record 54:07.  The flight celebrates Pan Am’s 50^th Anniversary

1979 Richard Arrington, Jr. is elected the first African American mayor in Birmingham, Alabama

1985 22nd NASA Space Shuttle Mission (61-A): Challenger 9 launches

1987 In Japan, NEC releases the first 16-bit home entertainment system, the TurboGrafx-16, known as PC Engine

1989 The Smith Dairy at Orrville, Ohio, makes the largest milk shake (1,575.2 gal)

1990 Britain and France complete the "Chunnel" under the English Channel

1992 The MTA (NYC) begins installing automated fare collection turnstiles

1995 Québec votes in a referendum to remain part of Canada

1996 Exxon confirms that it is in talks with state-owned Qatar General Petroleum Corporation concerning the application of new technology to convert natural gas to petroleum products

2016 6.6-magnitude earthquake hits central Italy - strongest in Italy for 36 years

2018 US Pentagon sends 5,200 troops to Mexican border in advance of migrant caravan from Central America

2020 A 7.0 magnitude earthquake in the Aegean Sea kills at least 64 in the Turkish city of Izmir and the Greek Island of Samos

2020 New DNA study of dogs suggests they were human's first domesticated animal, 11,000 years ago at end of the Bronze Age

2021 The Grand Ole Opry broadcasts its 5000th Saturday night radio program, from Nashville, Tennessee

2021 World Leaders agree to a historic corporate tax agreement of at least 15% at the G20 summit in Rome

2022 Indonesian medical tragedy as 157 children have now died from kidney injuries this year due to contaminated medicines according to authorities

2022 A pedestrian suspension bridge in India collapses into the Macchu River in the town of Morbi, Gujarat, killing 135 people

2022 Several thousand black-clad fascist sympathizers march to slain Italian dictator BenIto Mussolini's’s crypt in Predappio, Italy, commemorating 100th anniversary of his bloodless coup

2023 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu rejects calls for a ceasefire with Hamas, saying “this is a time for war” amid Israeli ground forces moving into the Gaza strip